RESUMEN
One recognized cause of cardiorespiratory diseases is air pollution. Older adults (OA) are one of the most vulnerable groups that suffer from its adverse effects. The objective of the study was to analyze the association between exposure to air pollution and changes in cardiorespiratory variables in OA. Observational prospective cohort study. Health questionnaires, blood pressure (BP) measurements, lung functions, respiratory symptoms, physical activity levels, and physical fitness in high and low exposure to air pollution were all methods used in evaluating OAs in communes with high contamination rates. Linear and logistic models were created to adjust for variables of interest. A total of 92 OA participated in this study. 73.9% of the subjects were women with 72.3 ± 5.6 years. 46.7% were obese, while 12.1% consumed tobacco. The most prevalent diseases found were hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. Adjusted linear models maintained an increase for systolic BP of 6.77 mmHg (95% CI: 1.04-12.51), and diastolic of 3.51 mmHg (95% CI: 0.72-6.29), during the period of high exposure to air pollution. The adjusted logistic regression model indicated that, during the period of high exposure to air pollution increase the respiratory symptoms 4 times more (OR: 4.43, 95% CI: 2.07-10.04) in the OA. The results are consistent with an adverse effect on cardiorespiratory variables in periods of high exposure to air pollution in the OA population.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Good physical fitness (PF) is related, among many benefits, to functional and structu ral brain changes that favor learning. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between PF and academic performance (AP) in Chilean schoolchildren according to sex, and to determine if the kind of school dependency influences this association. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: Cross-sectional study analyzing po pulation data of 8th-grade students evaluated by the SIMCE-2011 test. The sample included only 13 and 14 years old students, of both sexes, with all PF and AP tests taken. The results of PF and AP tests were categorized as poor, regular, and good. A binary logistic regression was performed explaining a good AP from the PF categories according to sex, and kind of school dependency, adjusting for age, nutritional status, parents' educational level, and school socioeconomic level. RESULTS: Out of 19,929 records, 12,338 schoolchildren were considered, where 47.9% were female. 33.4% of girls and 49.5% of boys presented good PF, and 16.9% and 21.5% presented good AP respectively. Schoolchildren with good PF had more chances of achieving good AP than those with poor PF (girls 84% and boys 78%, both p < 0.001). Considering the kind of school dependency, good PF in girls attending public schools increased the chances of achieving good AP by 334% (p < 0.001) and in boys attending sub sidized private schools by 91% (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Both girls and boys with good PF have more chances of achieving a good AP. By including the kind of school dependency, the association persists in girls attending public schools and boys attending subsidized private schools.
Asunto(s)
Éxito Académico , Aptitud Física/psicología , Adolescente , Chile , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
Resumen: Introducción: Una buena condición física (CF) se relaciona, entre muchos beneficios, a modifica ciones funcionales y estructurales cerebrales que favorecen el aprendizaje. Objetivo: Analizar la aso ciación entre CF y rendimiento académico (RA) en escolares chilenos según sexo y determinar si la dependencia administrativa de la escuela influye en dicha asociación. Sujetos y Método: Estudio transversal sobre datos poblacionales de escolares de 8° básico evaluados por SIMCE-2011. La mues tra incluyó solo escolares de 13 y 14 años, de ambos sexos, con todas las pruebas de CF y RA rendidas. Los resultados de CF y RA fueron categorizados en malo, regular y bueno. Se realizó una regresión logística binaria explicando un buen RA a partir de las categorías de CF según sexo y dependencia administrativa, ajustando por edad, estado nutricional, nivel educacional de los padres y nivel so cioeconómico de la escuela. Resultados: De 19.929 registros se consideraron 12.338 escolares donde 47,9% fueron mujeres. Presentaron buena CF 33,4% de las mujeres y 49,5% de los hombres, y buen RA 16,9% y 21,5%, respectivamente. Escolares con buena CF presentaron más chances de alcanzar buen RA que escolares con mala CF (mujeres: 84% y hombres 78% más; p < 0,001). Considerando la dependencia administrativa, buena CF en mujeres de colegios municipales aumentó las posibilidades en 334% (p < 0,001) y en hombres de colegios particulares subvencionados, en 91% (p = 0,01). Con clusión: Tanto mujeres como hombres con buena CF tienen más posibilidades de alcanzar un buen RA. Al incluir la dependencia administrativa la asociación persiste en mujeres de colegios municipa les y en hombres de colegios particulares subvencionados.
Abstract: Introduction: Good physical fitness (PF) is related, among many benefits, to functional and structu ral brain changes that favor learning. Objective: To analyze the association between PF and academic performance (AP) in Chilean schoolchildren according to sex, and to determine if the kind of school dependency influences this association. Subjects and Method: Cross-sectional study analyzing po pulation data of 8th-grade students evaluated by the SIMCE-2011 test. The sample included only 13 and 14 years old students, of both sexes, with all PF and AP tests taken. The results of PF and AP tests were categorized as poor, regular, and good. A binary logistic regression was performed explaining a good AP from the PF categories according to sex, and kind of school dependency, adjusting for age, nutritional status, parents' educational level, and school socioeconomic level. Results: Out of 19,929 records, 12,338 schoolchildren were considered, where 47.9% were female. 33.4% of girls and 49.5% of boys presented good PF, and 16.9% and 21.5% presented good AP respectively. Schoolchildren with good PF had more chances of achieving good AP than those with poor PF (girls 84% and boys 78%, both p < 0.001). Considering the kind of school dependency, good PF in girls attending public schools increased the chances of achieving good AP by 334% (p < 0.001) and in boys attending sub sidized private schools by 91% (p = 0.01). Conclusion: Both girls and boys with good PF have more chances of achieving a good AP. By including the kind of school dependency, the association persists in girls attending public schools and boys attending subsidized private schools.
